The main goal of MONALISA is to identify and promote the expansion of innovative and tailored solutions to prevent and reverse land degradation and desertification (LDD) while showcasing their socio-economic and environmental effectiveness. MONALISA will put in place a transdisciplinary approach to integrate scientific and local knowledge, emerging from newly and established social learning spaces with multi-sector stakeholders and multi-disciplinary and interdisciplinary researchers. Work will be carried out in six Mediterranean case studies (CS), encompassing different levels of aridity across five countries (European: Italy, Spain and Greece; and non-European: Tunisia and Palestine). In the CS, the following solutions to prevent and restore LDD will be assessed and scaled-out: (i) innovative grazing systems (e.g. adaptive multi-paddock grazing systems); (ii) microbial-based solutions (e.g. biofertilizers and symbiotic N-fixing rhizobia); (iii) conservation agriculture practices (e.g. cover crops and reduced tillage); (iv) ecological restoration practices (e.g. harvesting and seeding of residual plant materials in protected grasslands, green infrastructures); (v) water harvesting techniques; (vi) treated wastewater reuse in agriculture.